１０月份要考综合英语二了，今天开始整理，如果有重复了各位老大第一时间通知我，免得我吐血
一、语法 Grammar & Usage
Subject-Verb Agreement (I)
1．主谓一致的三条原则
1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。
Human beings enjoy learning.
Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.
2）意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。
The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.
The dollars was a lot of money at that time.
3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.
Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.
2．集体名词作主语时与动词的一致
1）当主语为furniture， equipment， machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。
The furniture in that shop is all made in China.
Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.
A lot of new machinery has been installed.
2）集体名词如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作复数用。
Some people drive madly in this country.
Many cattle have died because of the fold.
The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.
Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.
3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等词被视做一个整体时，其后的动词作单数；被视做为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。
His family is a happy one.
His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.
The Democratic Government is in power now.
The government is/are considering further tax cuts.
The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.
The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.
Our class is the top class in the grade.
The class are busy taking notes.
3．并列主语与动词的一致
1）当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数动词。
Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.
Toast and marmalade (果酱面包) is my favorite breakfast.
Fish and chips (炸鱼与土豆片) is served every day.
2）当主语是由and， both ….and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。
Jack and Mary are in love with each other.
Both Tom and John are absent today.
War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.
3)在又or或 nor连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or 或 nor 后边的名词或代词保持一致。
He or his brothers are to blame for this.
Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.
Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.
When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in.
Neither she nor you are mistaken.
Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.
4) not only … but also 连接的结构做主语时，动词的单、复数形式依据but also 后的名词或代词。
Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.
Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.
课后练习
Translate the following into English.
1) Use the verb + noun collocation.
出席会议   to attend a meeting        干的不错  to do a good job  
体验苦难  to experience bitterness     自学英语   to teach oneself English
发现奇迹  to discover wonders        忍住咳嗽  to hold back one’s cough
掌握技能  to master skills            获取知识  to acquire knowledge
需要勇气  to require courage          丰富生活  to enrich one’s life
接受修正  to accept rectification       改正错误  to correct mistakes
不再指望   to cherish no hope        作出努力  to make efforts
2)Use the “useful expressions”.
1.新造的大桥坍塌了，一名工程师和两名地方官员为此受到刑事起诉。
 The collapse of the big newly-built bridge led to criminal prosecution against an engineer and two local government officials.
2.他工作了一天，午饭都没动。
He worked all day, leaving his lunch untouched.
3.经常性的体育运动使学生身体强壮，更好的适应学习，决不是浪费时间。
Far from being a waste of time, regular sports activities make students physically

[1] [2] 下一页