大学英语六级考试中的短文辨析改错,是众多考生得分较低的一项。短文辨析改错不仅要求学生要有较高的阅读理解能力,还要求学生有深厚的语法知识,善于分析英语基本句型和句子结构。它主要是考查学生辨析并改正语言知识在运用时常出现的各种错误的能力。我们在分析历届六级真题的基础上,归纳、总结出以往六级短文改错的命题倾向和常见错误类型,并通过对历年六级短文改错真题的举例分析,培养学生应试技巧。
一、一致关系错误解析
[错误类型]
1.人称代词或物主代词的混淆或误用:
例 A man surrounded by flames and smoke generally considers that jumping out of a second-floor window is an acceptable risk to save its life. (1993年6月题72)
(答案:its → his 虽然本句主语和代词之间隔有众多成分,但我们应该知道,此句主语是A man,所以谓语save后面应是his life)。
例: Unconciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire.
(1995年1月题73)
(答案:these → those,题意是"不经意中,我们模仿身边的、所爱的、所崇拜的那些人。")
2.动名词作为主语,主谓关系不一致
例 And there are no going back to a simple, less technologically complex time.(1998年1月题74)
(答案:are → is,在there be结构中,主语是-ing分词短语going back to,因此谓语动词be应用单数形式.)
3.百分数作为主语,主谓关系不一致
例:But if 98 percent of us doesn't need to work, ...(1998年1月题79)
(答案:doesn't → don't,百分数修饰主语,要看of后面的名词的数,us 是复数,因此谓语动词亦用复数)
4. 反身代词前后不一致
例: ……, what are we going to do with oneself? (1998年1月题80)
(答案:oneself → ourselves,因此主语是we,反身代词应与主语保持一致)
5. 从句、不定式作语,主谓关系不一致
例: Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. (1996年1月题73)
(答案:rest → rests,因为从句、不定式,分词等形式作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。如 To see is to believe.)
6. 名词单复数,主谓不一致
例(1): Advances in technology has also changed people's lives. (1990年1月题73)
(答案:has → have,advance意为"进展、成就"是可数名词,谓语应用复数)
例(2): The small college, however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offer a better student-faculty ratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students. (1996年6月题73)
(答案:offer → offers,动词offer主语是The small college,并和前面谓语动词provides并列,故用第三人称单数)
二、名词单复数错误解析
[错误类型]
1. 误把抽象名词看作复数词
例(1): It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. (1995年6月题71)
例(2): The government also affects the kind of works people do. (1990年1月题79)(答案: works → work,因为work作"工作"讲时是不可数名词)
2. and等连词或词组前后名词单复数不一致
例: Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of their methods. (1995年1月题79)
(答案:friend → friends,因为friend和acquaintances并列,都应用复数)
三、时态错误解析
[错误类型]
句中动词时态与所给或暗示的时间状语不一致。
例(1): Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. (2000年1月题71)
(答案:had → has,通过联系上下文时态及本句句首now,应知这里不可能用过去时。)
例(2): The American hasn't been told very much about the kind of food he migh
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